Upper first and second molar pulp chamber endodontic anatomy evaluation according to a recent classification: a cone beam computed tomography study

(1) The possibility of knowing information about the anatomy in advance, in particular the arrangement of the endodontic system, is crucial for successful treatment and for avoiding complications during endodontic therapy; the aim was to find a correlation between a minimally invasive and less stressful endodontic access on Ni-Ti rotary instruments, but which allows correct vision and identification of anatomical reference points, simplifying the typologies based on the shape of the pulp chamber in coronal three-dimensional exam views. (2) Based on the inclusion criteria, 104 maxillary molars (52 maxillary first molars and 52 maxillary second molars) were included in the study after 26 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) acquisitions (from 15 males and 11 females). And linear measurements were taken with the CBCT-dedicated software for subsequent analysis. (3) The results of the present study show data similar to those already published about this topic. Pawar and Singh’s simplified classification actually seems to offer a schematic way of classification that includes almost all of the cases that have been analyzed. (4) The use of a diagnostic examination with a wide Field of View (FOV) and low radiation dose represents an exam capable of obtaining a lot of clinical information for endodontic treatment. Nevertheless, the endodontic anatomy of the upper second molar represents a major challenge for the clinician due to its complexity both in canal shape and in ramification.